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Biogenic Uraninite Nanoparticles and Their Importance for Uranium Remediation

¹ Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
2575 Sand Hill Road, MS 69, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
E-mail: bargar{at}slac.stanford.edu
² Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Ecole Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
E-mail: rizlan.bernier-latmani{at}epfl.ch
³ Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering
Washington University, 1 Brookings Drive
Campus Box 1180, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
E-mail: giammar{at}wustl.edu
⁴ Division of Environmental and Biomolecular Systems
Oregon Health & Science University, 20000 NW Walker Rd.
Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
E-mail: tebo{at}ebs.ogi.edu

Biogenic uraninite is of interest to geoscientists for its importance to bioremediation strategies, remarkably small particle size, and biological origin. Recent studies have begun to illuminate the chemical/structural complexities of this important natural nanomaterial. Intriguingly, in spite of its incredibly diminutive size, the molecular-scale structure, energetics, and surface-area-normalized dissolution rates of hydrated biogenic uraninite appear to be similar to those of coarser-particle, abiotic, stoichiometric UO₂. These findings have important implications for the role of size as a moderator of nanoparticle aqueous reactivity and for the bioremediation of subsurface U(VI) contamination.

KEYWORDS: uraninite, biogenic uraninite, microbial uranium reduction, bioremediation, dissolution, EXAFS

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