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Large Igneous Provinces and the Mantle Plume Hypothesis

¹ Earth Chemistry
Research School of Earth Sciences
The Australian National University
ACT 0200 Australia
and
Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior, Okayama University at Misasa, Tottori, 682-0193, Japan
E-mail: Ian.Campbell{at}anu.edu.au

Mantle plumes are columns of hot, solid material that originate deep in the mantle, probably at the core-mantle boundary. Laboratory and numerical models replicating conditions appropriate to the mantle show that mantle plumes have a regular and predictable shape that allows a number of testable predictions to be made. New mantle plumes are predicted to consist of a large head, 1000 km in diameter, followed by a narrower tail. Initial eruption of basalt from a plume head should be preceded by 1000 m of domal uplift. High-temperature magmas are expected to dominate the first eruptive products of a new plume and should be concentrated near the centre of the volcanic province. All of these predictions are confirmed by observations.

KEYWORDS: mantle plume, large igneous provinces, uplift, picrite

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